Our nails are more than just a means to make a fashion statement or a canvas for beautiful nail art—they protect our fingertips. But have you ever wondered how they grow and what factors affect their health? Let's explore the science behind nail growth and health in this quick guide.
How Do Nails Grow?
Keratin—the same protein found in hair and skin—makes up our nails. The nail bed, located under the nail plate, is where our body constantly produces new cells to form the hard structure of our nails. To understand how nails grow, we need to take a closer look at the different parts of our nails.
- Nail plate: This is the visible part of our nail that we can see and paint. It consists of layers of dead keratin cells.
- Nail bed: This is the pink skin underneath the nail plate. It contains nerves and blood vessels that supply nutrients to our nails.
- Cuticle: Also known as eponychium, this thin layer of skin covers the base of our nails, protecting them from bacteria and fungi.
- Lunula: The white half-moon shape at the base of our nails is called a lunula. It is part of the nail matrix where our body forms new cells.
Generally, fingernails grow around 3.5 millimeters per month, so we don’t typically notice growth on a daily basis. However, each person's body is different, so this rate can differ and depend on a range of factors.
Phases of Nail Growth
Nail growth occurs in three main phases: the anagen phase, the catagen phase, and the telogen phase.
In the anagen phase, the cells at the base of our nails called the nail matrix, divide rapidly and push older cells forward. This is the active growth phase; it generally lasts around two to three months.
The catagen phase is a transitional phase during which cell division decreases, causing the nail to slow down. This phase lasts about two weeks.
Finally, the telogen phase is when our nails are in their resting state. The newly formed cells in the anagen phase push the old nail plate forward, making it seem like our nails are not growing. This phase can last anywhere from 100 to 150 days.
Nail Fun Fact
Fingernails grow at a faster rate than toenails. While it generally takes 3 to 6 months to completely replace a fingernail, it could take 12 to 18 months for a toenail to grow out.
How Nail Growth Relates to Health
Nutrition and nail care are major components in the science behind nail growth and health. A lack of proper nutrients and inadequate care can result in brittle, weak nails. Our body needs vitamins and minerals like biotin, iron, zinc, and calcium to maintain healthy nails. Incorporating a balanced diet and taking supplements can help improve nail health.
Additionally, maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding harsh chemicals and excessive water exposure can also contribute to strong, healthy nails.
Shop for Nail Products
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